World Health Organization statistics show that one million blind children in Asia, some 40 million people living in China. Epidemiological findings of ocular trauma in our country that ocular trauma is the leading cause of child blindness. According to statistics, the total number of child traumatic eye injuries account for about 25% of the blindness rate as high as 60% to 70%. Ocular trauma in children not only seriously damage children's eyesight, but also seriously affect children's physical and mental health, to family, social cause great losses. And other diseases that cause visual disabilities in children is different from many children's eye injuries can be prevented, even if the unfortunate happens, as long as the proper first aid and also can minimize the damage. Have the necessary knowledge and first-aid skills, prevention, prevention of eye injuries in children and reduce their injury has important significance.
June 6 is the "National Eye Love Day", in order to enable more children to avoid accidental eye injury because of blurred vision, disability, and we remind you that children lack life experience, knowledge of the injury might be triggered by lack of self-protection and avoid injury awareness and ability, so children are more likely than adults ocular trauma. In real life, children's eye injuries often occur in unexpected situations, in the event, often allow parents or other people around them by surprise. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of ocular trauma in children, prevention strategies and emergency measures, attention to detail in order to take preventive measures.
The eyes of children from the details of the accident prevention start
Characteristics of children with ocular trauma
Ocular trauma in children a variety of reasons: 1 ~ 3 years old just learned to walk as children stumbled, easy to fall and touched the edges of tables and chairs, can hit the ground objects protruding eyes, the event of water or fire Thermal burns may be caused by eye. 3-year-old children after the lively, curious, love to play with sticks, slingshots, imitation guns, laser guns and other toys. If accidentally, these toys can cause eye trauma, stab wounds or retinal damage. Slightly larger then a little child like the discharge of fireworks, so holidays eyes caused by the explosion of fireworks injuries happen very often. Boxing injuries and stones often occurs in children injured while playing with each other slapstick, children using knives, scissors, cone, pens and other tools can be stabbed eyes. Children in contact with lime, cement, alcohol and other chemicals easily strayed into the eye causing chemical burns. In addition, in recent years, the abandoned children were playing hurt eyes disposable syringes and more and more important to note that this is a very serious injury, often because the needle within the effluent into the eye, causing serious infections and lead to blindness.
Prevention strategies
First of all, to strengthen parents, teachers, care givers and the child's safety education, everyone recognized the danger of eye injury and the importance of eye protection. Should be for children of different ages, to take appropriate preventive measures. For children aged 1 to 3, mainly to improve children's activity space, the edges of the tables and chairs, and raised the ground to do things properly, such as the thermos and fire activity on the kids outside the region. Knives, scissors, cone, pens and other sharp objects should be kept in strict custody. Children play in the time to care for our child, to prevent children falling, to prevent contact with hazardous materials.
In recent years, with the technology, the emergence of many types of new toys for children, this is a good thing, but children's toys hurt the eyes more than in the past. Holidays, in particular, parents and relatives and friends to buy toys for their children's peak, but also toys, children's eye injuries peak. In purchasing children's toys, they should address the specific circumstances, as a large safety factor to consider selection of toys, and baby can only buy age-appropriate toys. Do not buy your child impact is too strong, too fast of imitation guns. Parents and friends to send toys, do not forget the need for safety education of children, to tell the children in particular can play toy guns fired bullets or laser gun when people can not, nor can the human eye. On younger children, play can not allow toy guns fired bullets or laser.
Do not let the child discharge of fireworks, watch fireworks and firecrackers, it is necessary to maintain a safe distance, if necessary, let the child wear the goggles. Avoid contact with children, lime, cement, alcohol and other chemicals, do not let children watch welding sparks or strong snow in the sun playing not to disposable syringes as toys for kids.
Initial first aid
Unfortunately, accidents occur when children eye injury, parents should not panic, we must calm. Be the first under the damage, give appropriate first aid immediately and quickly to the hospital for treatment, please ophthalmologist.
Contact with lime, cement, alcohol, chemical burns and other chemicals should be removed as soon as possible within the chemical splashed into eyes, in the injured site with plenty of clean water repeatedly washing the eyes, or facial immersion in water, so splash into the eyes of the chemicals are diluted or removed. Eye was blunt object impact, local produce swelling and pain, no skin and open wounds, cold towels and cold compresses can be used to reduce swelling and pain. If the eye injury caused by eyelid laceration or bleeding, can be a clean gauze dressing. If foreign body within the fly into eyes, do not rub the eyes, eyes closed or slightly to light blinking, so superficial foreign bodies with the tears flow. If the foreign body has entered the eye deep, penetrating eye had been, then the eye must not be oppressed, to avoid prolapse of intraocular tissue. If the child's forehead and eyebrow department was injured, we must pay attention to the situation promptly check the health of the eyes. Because the Ministry of bruised forehead and eyebrow, even when there has been no harm to the eye, may also be decreased vision, even blindness, as this may be associated with indirect optic nerve injury. After these initial first aid treatment must be promptly sent to the injured site from the nearest hospital for further treatment. Some parents after the child was injured, bent forward to the big hospital on the road a lot of wasted time and delayed the child's rescue, this is not desirable. Therefore, if the child unfortunate accident occurred in the eye, to bear in mind, every second counts, the nearest medical treatment.
1 injured will not implicated in the other eye
In the daily clinic, some children, trauma or other reasons because one eye was injured, parents are afraid their children will affect the other eye.
In fact, an injury is likely to bring disaster to the other eye, and this is called sympathetic ophthalmia. Although sympathetic ophthalmia is rare, but must pay attention to prevention, to early detection and timely treatment. If you are diagnosed are not sympathetic ophthalmia, need to clear check to the hospital.
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a very serious eye disease, usually in penetrating ocular trauma or intraocular surgery, causing the affected eyes of non-suppurative inflammation, congestion occurs, pain, decreased vision, over time, the other eye is also inflammation occurred, patients known to stimulate the eye eye, eye health as sympathetic eye. This is an eye uveitis, very stubborn, severe eye damage within the organization, prone to secondary glaucoma, complicated cataract and damage to eyesight. Generally believed, from the healthy eye to eye trauma or surgery interval of inflammation in 2 weeks from a few years, mostly within 2 months of onset. Disease of unknown etiology, is that its incidence and immune factors. Penetrating eye injuries eye antigens provide the opportunity to reach regional lymph nodes, making eye contact with the lymphatic system tissue antigens caused by autoimmune response. Poor wound healing after eye injury, or persistent inflammation after healing, penetrating injury hurt the ciliary body or the wound has uveal incarceration, or intraocular foreign body should have a high degree of vigilance against the occurrence of sympathetic ophthalmia. General patients had history of penetrating eye injuries, and eye inflammation. When the sympathetic eye uveitis occurs performance, you can consider the occurrence of sympathetic ophthalmia. Stimulation of the blind eye has been removed for pathological examination after further diagnosis.
How to prevent sympathetic ophthalmia
Sympathetic ophthalmia is an extremely serious eye disease, often leads to blind eyes. Therefore, the prevention of the occurrence of sympathetic ophthalmia sympathetic ophthalmia than the treatment is more important.
1. Correctly handle the penetrating injury, foreign body removed as soon as possible, in addition to damage can not be restored, the debridement should be completely cut off membrane and lens capsule impacted the pigment film to avoid the eyes of organizations, especially the pigment film incarceration.
2. Such as eye injury or inflammation heavy broken beyond repair, treatment ineffective, has been blind eye injuries, eye injuries should be removed early to avoid another occurrence of sympathetic ophthalmia eyes, but eye injuries must be carefully removed, preventive removal of the eye is not absolutely reliable. The principle of removal of the eye: functional eye injury has completely lost, or eyeball rupture of mouth, the contents of a large number of eye prolapse, can not restore visual function, or injury sustained with uveitis symptoms after treatment is still not subsided, the visual recovery hope not, should consider enucleation.
3. Timely and properly handle the injured eye, enough of corticosteroids (prednisone and dexamethasone) on the control of trauma response have a good effect is to prevent an important part of sympathetic ophthalmia. To closely observe the changes in eye health. The results show that sympathetic ophthalmia in the event, even if the removal of eye injuries, and no effect on the sympathetic eyes of course, so when healthy eye has appeared sympathetic ophthalmia, eye injuries still have a certain vision, then the injury should not be easily removed eye. All in all, timely processing of penetrating injury, remove foreign bodies, control the incidence of endophthalmitis in the prevention of the occurrence of sympathetic ophthalmia has played a very important role.
How the treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia
A diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia, in time dilation, control inflammation, comprehensive treatment. A large number of corticosteroids, the daily early morning service Dayton 60 to 80 mg of prednisone, later reduced under the condition 1 dose every other day until the inflammation subsided should continue with a maintenance dose after 6 months, must not be arbitrarily suspended or reduce the dosage in advance. To local and systemic antibiotics and adjuvant therapy. Stimulate the eye of early aggressive treatment, forfeiture is to be an early vision has been completely removed. If possible to restore vision who should treat his eyes.